Incoterms 2010 — Full English Translation
On January 1, 2011, the new international rules Incoterms 2010 came into effect. Developed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), these updates were driven by U.S. trade practices and the reduced importance of national borders — especially within the European Union.
Incoterms are widely used in international contracts for the sale of goods to harmonize differences in national laws, trade customs, and interpretations of delivery terms. They clearly define the obligations of buyers and sellers in the process of delivering goods.
The new version contains 11 terms, while the previous Incoterms 2000 version included 13 terms across four groups.
Explanation of Term Groups
E Group – Minimal seller obligations. The seller makes the goods available to the buyer at a specified location (usually at the seller's premises). In practice, the seller often helps load the goods. Any additional responsibilities must be contractually agreed.
F Group – The seller delivers the goods to a carrier designated by the buyer. Delivery is complete once the goods are either loaded (at the seller's premises) or placed at the buyer’s disposal (not unloaded) at an agreed location.
C Group – The seller arranges and pays for transportation to a destination. Risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the carrier. CIF and CIP terms include mandatory insurance coverage.
D Group – The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to a specified location in the importing country, bearing all costs and risks to that point.
Changes from Incoterms 2000 to 2010
Terms like EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, CPT, and CIP remain unchanged. However, four terms from Group D were removed:
- DAF
- DES
- DEQ
- DDU
And two new terms were added:
- DAT – Delivered at Terminal
- DAP – Delivered at Place
Comparison Table: Incoterms 2000 vs 2010
Группа терминов | Инкотермс 2000 | Инкотермс 2010 |
E | EXW | EXW |
F | FCA | FCA |
FAS | FAS | |
FOB | FOB | |
C | CFR | CFR |
CIF | CIF | |
CPT | CPT | |
CIP | CIP | |
D | DAF | - |
DES | - | |
DEQ | - | |
DDU | - | |
DDP | DDP | |
- | DAT | |
- | DAP |
Classification by Mode of Transport
Applicable to All Modes of Transport:
| Code | Russian Meaning | English Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| EXW | Ex Works (с завода) | Ex Works (named place) |
| FCA | Free Carrier (франко перевозчик) | Free Carrier (named place) |
| CPT | Carriage Paid To | Carriage Paid To (named place) |
| CIP | Carriage and Insurance Paid To | Carriage and Insurance Paid To (place) |
| DAT | Delivered At Terminal | Delivered At Terminal (named terminal) |
| DAP | Delivered At Place | Delivered At Place (named place) |
| DDP | Delivered Duty Paid | Delivered Duty Paid (named place) |
Applicable to Sea and Inland Waterways Only:
| Code | Russian Meaning | English Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| FAS | Free Alongside Ship | Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) |
| FOB | Free On Board | Free On Board (named port of shipment) |
| CFR | Cost and Freight | Cost and Freight (named port of destination) |
| CIF | Cost, Insurance and Freight | Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port) |
Important: The introduction of Incoterms 2010 does not affect obligations under previous versions unless stated otherwise in the sales contract.
Note: Incoterms are not mandatory by law — they are a set of trade practices. They are only binding if explicitly referenced in the contract with the applicable edition and term. From January 1, 2011, unless specified otherwise, any reference is assumed to mean Incoterms 2010.